As the world continues its efforts to decarbonise and address the growing climate crisis, integrating renewable energy sources into our existing energy systems is more critical than ever.

Global energy challenges are characterised by a pressing need to transition away from fossil fuels while ensuring reliable, affordable, and resilient energy supplies. This is where sector coupling presents a unique opportunity. By linking traditionally separate sectors, such as power, heating, transport, and industry, sector coupling enables more efficient use of renewable energy and supports the development of a low-carbon economy.

Unlocking efficiency and resilience through integration

Sector coupling represents a paradigm shift in how we think about energy systems. Rather than relying on siloed approaches, it creates a cohesive energy network where resources flow seamlessly between sectors. This integration paves the way for unprecedented efficiency and resilience, two critical factors in the journey to a sustainable, low-carbon future.

One key aspect of sector coupling is its ability to optimise renewable energy use. For example, excess electricity generated by offshore wind farms can be stored in batteries or converted into hydrogen, making it available when demand is high or when renewable production is low. Similarly, electrification of buildings and industries, another pillar of sector coupling, allows for the use of renewable electricity to power heat pumps and industrial processes, further reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Moreover, by creating interconnected systems, sector coupling offers a buffer against disruptions. If one sector experiences a supply issue, energy can be diverted from another sector, ensuring stability and continuity. This enhanced flexibility ensures that renewable energy is used more effectively, contributing to a more robust and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Drawing on a proven track record

Denmark has built a strong foundation in sector coupling, drawing on years of experience in renewable energy and system integration. The white paper “Sector coupling – Unlocking the full potential of renewable energy” outlines several areas where Denmark’s approach to sector coupling supports the green transition.

In the publication, Danish expertise is reflected across a range of sectors, providing concrete examples of how sector coupling can drive decarbonisation.

For instance, the Green Hydrogen Hub in Northern Denmark demonstrates how excess renewable energy from wind turbines can be converted into hydrogen, supporting decarbonisation in transport and heavy industry. Meanwhile, GreenLab Skive and Kalundborg Symbiosis, industrial symbiosis projects, exemplify how different industries can share energy and resources, reducing emissions and optimising production. The integration of bio-waste into energy production also highlights Denmark’s capability to maximise resource efficiency through sector coupling, turning waste into energy for heating and electricity.

As these technologies and infrastructures develop, Denmark’s sector coupling efforts offer a model that can support broader international green transition goals. We hope you get inspired by the perspectives and solutions outlined in the publication.