Water management and operation and maintenance of water systems requires experiences and competencies of people (operators) which are not always or everywhere available at the various sites inside the water utilities to take decisions or switch on/of controls like pumps, valves, gates etc.
Data-driven services using sensors, dashboards and automatic controls are therefore often introduced to mitigate such gaps. However, as such SCADA and IT systems require yet another layer of competencies, many utilities refrain from introducing this (digitalization of the utility), as they may not have experience or competencies in operating such systems.